Cyclosorus - Thelypteridaceae

Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Itô

Photo: P. Ballings
Zimbabwe

Photo: P. Ballings
Zimbabwe

 

 

 

 

Synonyms

Nephrodium unitum sensu Sim
Thelypteris interrupta (Willd.) K. Iwats.
Thelypteris totta (Thunb.) Schelpe
Cyclosorus gongylodes sensu Alston

Common name

Description

Rhizome widely creeping, up to 6 mm in diameter; rhizome scales sparse, black, narrowly ovate, entire, up to 1.5 mm long. Fronds spaced up to 12 cm apart, erect, not proliferous, herbaceous, in full sun texture stiff, leathery. Stipe up to 93 cm long, pale brown, glabrous to minutely hairy, with a few black scales at the base. Lamina up to 0.8 m long, ovate-lanceolate in outline, 2-pinnatifid, lower pinnae largest or of equal size as those above, only rarely very slightly reduced in size. Pinnae very narrowly oblong, shortly petiolate to sessile, base truncate, incised a third of the way to halfway to the costa; veins 7-15 pairs per lobe, basal pair of veins anastomosing well below the sinus, next pair meeting at the sinus; under surface hairless or set with white hairs, particularly along the costae, costules and veins, with or without pale brown scales on the costae, also sometimes distinct red glands below, upper surface hairless. Rhachis pale brown, hairless to thinly covered with short hairs. Sori round, up to 18 per lobe, typically forming a zigzag pattern along each side of the costa; indusiate small, hairy, often shed early.

Notes

Found together with Thelypteris confluens that has veins that are not anastomosing, small scales on costae below, herbaceous, pinnatifid pinnae.
Cyclosorus interruptus look for: 1 pair of veins meeting well below and 1 pair meeting at the sinus, zigzag soral pattern, leathery pinnae that are incised a third to halfway to the costa.

Derivation

interruptus: interrupted, broken-up; unclear, referring to the spaced-out fronds on the rhizome or to describe the regularly incised pattern created by the pinnae lobes.

Habitat

Marsh fern, depending on continuously wet soils or surface water, growing in grassland swamps, Papyrus and Phragmites swamps, along river- and streambanks, in full sun or shade of fringing trees.

Distribution worldwide

Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, south and central America as far north as Florida.

Distribution in Africa

Algeria, Angola, Burkina Fasso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Equatorial Guinea (incl. Bioko), Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia, Morocco and Western Sahara, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania , Tunesia, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Growth form

Terrestrial.

Literature

  • Burrows, J.E. (1990) Southern African Ferns and Fern Allies. Frandsen, Sandton. Pages 259 - 260. As Thelypteris interrupta (Includes a picture).
  • Crouch, N.R., Klopper, R.R., Burrows, J.E. & Burrows, S.M. (2011) Ferns of Southern Africa, A comprehensive guide. Struik Nature. Pages 674 - 675. (Includes a picture).
  • Heath, A. & Heath, R. (2009) Field Guide to the Plants of Northern Botswana including the Okavango Delta. Kew Publishing. Page 561. (Includes a picture).
  • Jacobsen, W.B.G. (1983) The Ferns and Fern Allies of Southern Africa. Butterworths, Durban and Pretoria. Pages 396 - 397. (Includes a picture).
  • Kornas, J. (1979) Distribution and ecology of the Pteridophytes in Zambia. Polska Akademia Nauk Wydzial II Nauk Biologicznych. Pages 91 - 92. As Thelypteris interrupta
  • Roux, J.P. (2001) Conspectus of Southern African Pteridophyta.Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report, 13 Page 115. (Includes a picture).
  • Roux, J.P. (2009) Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Pages 204 - 205.
  • Schelpe, E.A.C.L.E. (1970) Pteridophyta.Flora Zambesiaca, 0 Pages 198 - 199. As Thelypteris totta (Includes a picture).
  • Tardieu-Blot, M.-L. (1964) Ptéridophytes vol.3.Flore du Cameroun, Pages 246 - 247.
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